Home- Surface Radiation Budget
Products Overview - Surface Reflectance
- Land Surface Temperature / Emissivity
- BRDF / Surface Albedo
Surface Radiation Budget
Satellite measurements of surface radiation parameters are used as inputs to global or regional Earth system models or decision support systems for environmental policy or natural resource management.
Priority Measurement Initiatives for Radiation/Energy Budget Products
- PAR and Incident Solar Radiation
– Internally consistent multi-instrument global gridded PAR (initial emphasis on MODIS to increase spatial resolution (5km) and consistency between products) (assumes validation) - Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity
– Internally consistent multi-instrument global gridded LST
(MODIS/ASTER/AIRS) – algorithm inter comparison first step
– Internally consistent multi-instrument global gridded emissivity
(MODIS/ASTER/AIRS) – algorithm inter comparison first step (assumes expanded cal/val activities and scaling)
– Need to revisit the White paper to address diurnal cycle issue - Albedo and Anisotropy
– Validation of global albedo products (international CEOS LPV)
– Diurnal albedo
– Multi source data set (see also snow albedo)
– Gap filled products for GCMers
Surface Reflectance
Surface reflectance products are computed to provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance for each band as it would be measured at ground level in the absence of atmospheric scattering or absorption. Most sensors provide a correction scheme to identify atmospheric gases, aerosols, and thin cirrus clouds. Surface Reflectance data are generally used for land characterization research, and may be used to generate land-related products, or as input to global and regional climate models and surface energy balance models.
More information can be found in the Surface Reflectance ESDR white paper.
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Land Surface Temperature / Emissivity
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is the combination of surface and atmospheric energy fluxes and interactions (Mannstein 1987; Sellers et al. 1988). Emissivity is a measure of a surface's ability to emit heat through the radiation of electromagnetic energy (Conway 1997). On land, soil and canopy temperature are among the main determinants of the rate of growth of vegetation and they govern seasonal starting and termination of growth. Hydrologic processes such as evapotranspiration and snow and ice melt are highly sensitive to surface temperature fluctuation, which is also an important discriminating factor in classification of land surface types. Temperature products in turn are key inputs to many high level products and provide data for global temperature mapping and change observation.
More information can be found in the LST/Emissivity ESDR white paper.
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BRDF / Surface Albedo
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) products describe the behavior of surface scattering as a function of both wavelength and view angles (Roujean et al. 1992). Albedo of a surface describes the ratio of radiant energy scattered from the surface to the irradiance of the surface (Liang et al. 1999). These parameters are then used to determine directional hemispherical reflectance ("black-sky albedo"), bi-hemispherical reflectance ("white-sky albedo"), and nadir BRDF-adjusted reflectance (NBAR).
More information can be found in the BRDF/Albedo ESDR white paper.
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